Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the intelligence exhibited by machines, contrasting with the natural intelligence shown by humans and animals. It involves the study of 'intelligent agents'—devices that perceive their environment and take actions to achieve specific goals. In practical terms, AI mimics cognitive functions such as learning and problem-solving, enabling machines to understand context, recognize objects in images, and make decisions based on data.

Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field focused on how computers can gain a high-level understanding from digital images or videos. It aims to automate tasks that the human visual system can perform, such as acquiring, processing, and analyzing visual data. Applications include image and video recognition, medical image analysis, and extracting meaningful information from images to support decision-making.

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves algorithms improving automatically through experience. It builds models based on training data to make predictions or decisions without explicit programming. ML is widely used in various applications, including email filtering and computer vision, where traditional algorithms may not be feasible.